Uko Intambara, ihirikwa n’imvururu za politiki biri gusubiza inyuma Demokarasi muri Afurika

Raporo nshya ya Global State of Democracy 2025, yatangajwe n’ikigo International IDEA, igaragaza ko Demokarasi mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika ikomeje gusubira inyuma mu myaka itanu ishize, cyane cyane kubera intambara, kudeta zituruka mu ngabo, ruswa, ndetse n’Ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Iyi raporo yakozwe ishingiye ku isesengura ry’imikorere ya Demokarasi mu bihugu 173 ku isi mu mwaka wa 2024, igaragaza ko Afurika iri mu bice by’isi bifite ikibazo gikomeye cyo gusubira inyuma mu miyoborere ishingiye ku mategeko n’uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Raporo yagaragaje ko Demokarasi yagabanutse cyane mu bihugu nka Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Guinea, Senegal na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (DRC) ndetse no muri Congo-Brazzaville.

Muri Burkina Faso, Mali na Niger, ibibazo bikomeye byatewe n’udutsiko tw’ingabo twahiritse ubutegetsi bw’abasivili, bigatera impungenge ku matora n’inzira za Demokarasi. Ubuyobozi bwa gisirikare bwafashe ubutegetsi ntibwerekane ubushake bwo kugarura inzego zisanzwe za Demokarasi.

Guinea nayo yabayemo kudeta yahiritse ubutegetsi bwasanzwe, bigatuma abaturage babura icyizere mu matora aciye mu mucyo. Senegal yari izwiho Demokarasi ikomeye mu myaka myinshi ishize, ariko imvururu zishingiye ku matora n’ifungwa ry’abatavuga rumwe na Leta byasubije inyuma ubwisanzure bwa politiki.

Congo-Brazzaville yagaragajwe nk’igihugu cyagabanyijwe cyane uburenganzira bwo kwishyira hamwe no gutanga ibitekerezo. Abanyapolitiki batavuga rumwe na Leta baratotezwa, abanyamakuru bagahabwa inzitizi mu kazi kabo, naho abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bagashyirwaho inzitizi mu matora.

Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (DRC) nayo iri mu bibazo bikomeye. Intambara mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu, cyane cyane ikibazo cya M23, yatumye abaturage benshi bahunga, abandi bicwa cyangwa bagakomereka. Leta yashyizeho inzitizi zikomeye ku mashyaka ya politiki, cyane cyane ayo yahoze akomoka kuri Joseph Kabila (PPRD), ivuga ko afitanye isano n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro. Itangazamakuru naryo ryabujijwe kugaragaza ibikorwa by’ayo mashyaka.

Imibare igaragaza uko Demokarasi ihagaze muri Congo irerekana ko Congo-Brazzaville mu mwaka wa 2024 ifite umwanya wa 134 kuri 173 mu cyiciro cya Representation, 153/173 mu cyiciro cya Rights, 142/173 mu cyiciro cya Rule of Law, ndetse na 133/173 mu cyiciro cya Participation. Ku ruhande rwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, mu cyiciro cya Representation iri ku mwanya wa 127 kuri 173, Rights 152/173, Rule of Law 152/173, naho Participation 110/173.

Raporo isobanura ko impamvu nyamukuru zatumye Demokarasi igwa mu marembera muri Afurika harimo intambara z’urudaca n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, kudeta zikuraho ubutegetsi bw’abasivili, ruswa no gukoresha ubutegetsi mu nyungu z’abantu ku giti cyabo, amatora atabera mu mucyo cyangwa agakurwaho burundu, ndetse no guhohoterwa kw’abanyapolitiki batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi hamwe n’abanyamakuru.

N’ubwo Afurika ari ho hagaragara ikibazo gikomeye, raporo yerekana ko n’ahandi ku isi hari ibibazo. Mu Burayi, muri Amerika no muri Aziya hari politiki zigamije kugabanya ubwisanzure bw’abaturage. Ariko nanone hari ibihugu bike byakomeje kugaragaza intambwe ishimishije mu kwimakaza Demokarasi no kubaha uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Umwanzuro w’iyi raporo usaba ibihugu bya Afurika kongera gushyira imbere imiyoborere ishingiye ku mategeko, inzego zigenga, amatora mu mucyo, n’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Ibi ngo ni byo bizatuma abaturage bagira ijambo mu miyoborere, bityo Demokarasi ikongera gukomera aho yari yaratangiye gusenyuka.