Baricanye abandi baragambana: Ngaya amateka ababaje y’abami n’abaperezida bayoboye u Burundi kuva bubonye ubwigenge
U Burundi ni igihugu cyanyuze mu bihe bikomeye kuva cyabona ubwigenge ku wa 1 Nyakanga 1962. Buri muyobozi wagiye ku buyobozi yagize uruhare mu gutuma igihugu kigera aho kiri uyu munsi — bamwe baciwemo ku mugaragaro, abandi bagambanirwa na bagenzi babo, abandi bakavaho nabi, ndetse hari n’abahitanywe n’amasasu, uburozi cyangwa amayobera. Iyo usesenguye amateka y’abategetsi bose bagiye bayobora Uburundi, usanga harimo inkuru z’agahinda, iz’amayobera n’iz’icuraburindi zisa nk’izigikomeje kubumbatirwa n’amarorerwa ya politiki n’igisirikare.
Hari abategetsi bagiye bakurwa ku butegetsi ku ngufu n’abo bizeye, hari n’abandi bishwe barengana, abandi bagizwe abatagira aho babarizwa, mu buhungiro cyangwa mu buroko. Igisirikare, amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko, ishyaka ry’inyungu za bamwe, ndetse n’ugukumbura imbaraga byagiye biba igicumbi cy’ihirikwa rya za Leta zitandukanye.
Muri iyi nkuru, turagaruka ku buryo buri muyobozi yagiye avaho: ni nde wiciwe? Ni nde wagizwe impunzi? Ni nde wapfiriye mu gihugu cy’amahanga? Ese hari uwigeze agira amahirwe yo gusubira mu buzima busanzwe nyuma yo kuva ku butegetsi? Dusesengura uko ayo mateka yagiye akurikirana, dufatanyije n’ibimenyetso, amazina n’ibihe byabaye, mu nyandiko yihariye idafite aho ihuriye n’inyandiko zisanzwe zo kuri internet. Intego si ugucira imanza abagiye bayobora, ahubwo ni ukwerekana ishusho y’amateka yabo, amaherezo yabaranze n’icyo bigomba kwigisha abari ku butegetsi n’ababuzirikana.
1. Umwami Mwambutsa IV Bangiricenge (1911–1977)
Ni we mwami wategetse Uburundi kuva mu 1915 kugeza mu 1966. Yagize uruhare rukomeye mu mibanire y’Ubwami n’Abakoloni, ariko yaje kwirukanwa ku butegetsi n’abasirikare bashyigikiye umuhungu we Ndizeye. Nyuma yo gukurwa ku butegetsi, yahungiye mu Busuwisi, aho yamaze imyaka myinshi atemerewe gutaha. Yitabye Imana mu 1977, aguye mu buhungiro i Genève. Ntibyashobotse ko atabarizwa mu gihugu cye, kandi yari amaze imyaka itari mike yarigize nk’utabaho muri politiki y’igihugu.
2. Umwami Ntare V Charles Ndizeye (1947–1972)
Ni umuhungu wa Mwambutsa IV. Yabaye umwami mu gihe gito cyane mu 1966 mbere y’uko ubutegetsi buhita bujyanwa mu maboko y’abasirikare bayobowe na Michel Micombero. Mu 1972, yagarutse mu gihugu mu buryo butunguranye, bivugwa ko yifuzaga gusubira ku butegetsi. Ntibyatinze, yaje gufatwa n’igisirikare agahita yicwa. Uburyo yishwemo n’aho yashyinguwe ntibigeze bisobanuka neza.
3. Michel Micombero (1940–1983)
Ni we Perezida wa mbere w’Uburundi nyuma yo guhirika ingoma ya cyami. Wategetse Uburundi imyaka 10 (1966–1976), akoresha ubutegetsi bukakaye. Yaje guhirikwa n’undi musirikare, Jean-Baptiste Bagaza. Nyuma y’ihirikwa rye, yahungiye mu gihugu cya Somaliya, aho yapfiriye mu 1983. Igitangaje ni uko yaguye mu bwigunge, nta bucuti n’igihugu cye kandi nta muryango munini wamushyigikiye mu minsi ye ya nyuma.
4. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza (1946–2016)
Yagiye ku butegetsi mu 1976 nyuma yo guhirika Micombero. Nawe yaje guhirikwa n’undi musirikare — Pierre Buyoya mu 1987. Yabaye impunzi igihe kinini, ari Uganda ndetse na Libiya. Yagarutse mu gihugu mu 1993. Yitabye Imana mu 2016 aguye mu Bubiligi, aho yari yaragiye kwivuza.
5. Pierre Buyoya (1949–2020)
Yagiye ku butegetsi incuro ebyiri: kuva mu 1987 kugeza 1993, hanyuma yongera kugaruka mu 1996 kugeza 2003. Nubwo yashimwe mu masezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha, Buyoya yaje gutotezwa n’ubutabera bw’igihugu cye, ashinjwa uruhare mu rupfu rwa Ndadaye. Mu 2020, yitabye Imana i Paris azize icyorezo cya COVID-19. Icyo gihe yari mu buhungiro muri Mali.
6. Melchior Ndadaye (1953–1993)
Ni we Perezida wa mbere w’Uburundi watowe mu buryo bwa demokarasi. Yatowe mu 1993, ariko ntiyamazeho kabiri kuko yishwe n’abasirikare bamuteye iwe mu rugo ku wa 21 Ukwakira 1993. Urupfu rwe rwateje intambara ndende y’amoko yahitanye imbaga y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Amagambo ye ya nyuma, avuga ko ibyo abasirikare bagiye gukora ari “ibyago bikomeye,” agikomeza kuvugwa n’abamuzi.
7. Cyprien Ntaryamira (1955–1994)
Yabaye Perezida nyuma y’urupfu rwa Ndadaye. Yapfiriye mu ndege yarasanywe i Kanombe mu Rwanda ku wa 6 Mata 1994, hamwe na Perezida w’u Rwanda, Juvénal Habyarimana. Urupfu rwe ruri mu byateje Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi no gukaza urugomo mu Burundi. Yashyinguwe i Bujumbura, ashyingurwa nk’umwe mu ntwari z’igihugu.
8. Sylvestre Ntibantunganya (1956– )
Yabaye Perezida kuva mu 1994 kugeza mu 1996, aho yahiritswe na Pierre Buyoya. Yabayeho mu buryo bwihishahisha, kugeza ubwo yashatse ubuhungiro mu ngoro ya Ambasade y’Abanyamerika i Bujumbura. Nyuma yaho, yagarutse mu buzima busanzwe, kandi kugeza ubu ni umwe mu bategetsi bake bavuye ku butegetsi badafashwe nabi.
9. Domitien Ndayizeye (1953– )
Yari Visi Perezida wa Buyoya, aza kumusimbura mu 2003, agategeka kugeza mu 2005. Yaje gushinjwa imigambi yo guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Pierre Nkurunziza ariko nyuma ararekurwa. Kugeza ubu, ni umwe mu banyapolitiki batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi. Akunze kwitabira ibiganiro byo gushaka amahoro.
10. Pierre Nkurunziza (1964–2020)
Yabaye Perezida kuva mu 2005 kugeza 2020. Yashatse manda ya gatatu mu 2015, bitera imyigaragambyo n’akavuyo kenshi. Yaje kwitaba Imana ku wa 9 Kamena 2020, icyemezo cy’igihugu kivuga ko yishwe n’umutima ariko amakuru atandukanye yemeza ko yazize COVID-19. Yashyinguwe nk’intwari y’igihugu.
11. Evariste Ndayishimiye (1968– )
Ni we Perezida uriho ubu, yatowe mu 2020 nyuma y’urupfu rwa Nkurunziza. Avuga ko aharanira ubumwe bw’igihugu n’amahoro, ndetse akomeje kugaragaza icyizere ko hari impinduka. Mu ijambo rye rya mbere, yavuze ati:
“Turashaka igihugu gishyira imbere urubyiruko, gishingira ku murimo no ku bumwe bw’Abanyarwanda.”
Icyo aya mateka atwigisha
Inkuru y’aba bategetsi igaragaza ko ubutegetsi ari umutwaro ukomeye, kandi ko amateka akurikira abayobozi yerekana ukuri kutavugwa kenshi: kuva ku butegetsi si ukurambika ikoti hasi gusa, ni igikorwa gishobora gutuma umuntu aba intwari cyangwa igicibwa. Ibyo byakwiye kuba isomo ku bayobora uyu munsi: guharanira amahoro, ukwishyira hamwe, guha agaciro ikiremwa muntu no kubaha amategeko y’igihugu.
