Amateka akakaye y’umunyagitugu Marshar Idi Amin Dada wayoboye Uganda

Mu mateka y’ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’Uburasirazuba, izina Idi Amin Dada risa n’irigaragaza nk’ikirango cy’ubutegetsi bukaze, iterabwoba, ubwicanyi, n’imiyoborere yagiye inengwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Uyu mugabo wahoze ari Perezida wa Uganda kuva mu 1971 kugeza mu 1979, yagiye yiyita amazina y’ubwibone n’ubwishongozi arimo: “Nyakubahwa Perezida ubuziraherezo, Maréchal Mukuru Al Haj Idi Amin Dada, Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo, Umuganga, Umutware w’Inyamaswa zose zo ku butaka n’amafi yo mu mazi, Uwigaruriye Impinduramatwara y’Abongereza muri Afurika muri rusange no muri Uganda by’umwihariko.”

Yigeze gutangaza mu ruhame ati: “Ndi intwari y’Afurika”, ijambo ryagiye rihabwa ubusobanuro butandukanye bitewe n’icyo buri wese yumvaga kuri we.

Ubuzima bwe bwa mbere

Idi Amin Dada yavukiye ahitwa Koboko mu majyaruguru ya Uganda hagati ya 1923 na 1928, nubwo itariki ye y’amavuko itavugwaho rumwe. Yakomokaga mu bwoko bwa Kakwa, umuryango muto ugizwe ahanini n’Abayisilamu. Yize amashuri abanza gusa, ariko nyuma yaje kujya mu ngabo z’Abongereza (King’s African Rifles) mu myaka ya 1940. Mu gisirikare, yahakoze imyaka irenga 20, ararwana mu ntambara zitandukanye zirimo n’iyo mu Bushinwa.

Yari azwiho gukomera ku mategeko no kugira imbaraga z’umubiri, ariko akanavugwa mu bikorwa by’ubugome bukabije ku basivili ubwo yari acunze umutekano mu bice byari byarigaruriwe n’Abongereza.

Uko yagiye ku butegetsi

Idi Amin yagiye ku butegetsi tariki ya 25 Mutarama 1971 mu gikorwa cya gisirikare (coup d’état) ahiritse Milton Obote, Perezida wari mu ruzinduko muri Singapour. Uko abantu babibonaga, bamwe babanje kubona Amin nk’umucunguzi uzagarura ituze, ariko ibintu byaje guhinduka vuba cyane.

Yahise yirukana abayobozi bo hejuru muri leta, afunga, anica benshi bakekwagaho kutamushyigikira. Yari atangiye inzira yo kwiyubakira ingoma ya gikomando.

Ubutegetsi bwe: Igitugu, iterabwoba n’ubwicanyi

Ubutegetsi bwa Idi Amin bwaranzwe n’igitugu, ihangana n’amahanga, kwica abakekwaho kuzinzika ubutegetsi bwe, no kurandura burundu abatavuga rumwe na we. Amashyaka yose yigenga yaraciwe, abanyamakuru benshi barahunga, bamwe bicwa, abandi bagakorerwa iyicarubozo.

Muri 1972, Amin yirukanye Abahinde n’Abashinwa barenga 50,000 bari barashoye imari mu gihugu, abashinja “kwikubira umutungo wa Uganda”. Abo bantu basize icyuho gikomeye mu bukungu, maze igihugu gitangira gusubira inyuma mu buryo bwihuse.

Abantu bagereranyije ko kuva mu 1971 kugera mu 1979, abantu hagati ya 100,000 na 500,000 bishwe ku buryo butandukanye — barashwe, baburiwe irengero, abandi baratwitswe cyangwa batabwa mu Kiyaga cya Victoria.

Abamunenze n’abo yiciye

Idi Amin yishe bamwe mu bayobozi bakomeye, abihaye Imana n’abanyapolitiki batavugaga rumwe na we. Aha twavuga:

• Musenyeri Janani Luwum – Umwe mu bayobozi b’Itorero ry’Abangilikani muri Uganda, wishwe mu 1977 nyuma y’uko anenze ubwicanyi n’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare.
• Benedicto Kiwanuka – Wigeze kuba Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere wa Uganda, yishwe nabi bikabije.
• Prof. Mahmood Mamdani – Umuhanga mu mateka, yigeze kumushinja “gukoresha iterabwoba nk’inkingi y’ubutegetsi”.

Umunyamategeko w’Umunya-Kenya Maina Kiai yigeze kuvuga ati: “Idi Amin yakoze ibitari byarigeze bibaho muri Afurika yo mu gihe cye — yagiye akoresha urupfu nk’ururimi rwe.”

Ubuzima bw’umuryango we

Idi Amin yashakanye n’abagore benshi (barenga batandatu) kandi yari afite abana barenga mirongo itatu. Bamwe mu bagore be harimo Malyamu Amin, Kay Amin (waje gupfa urupfu rubi mu 1974), n’abandi benshi batari bazwi neza mu ruhame.

Umuhungu we Jaffar Amin, yagiye agaragara mu itangazamakuru avuga ko se yashyizweho icyasha na ba mpatsibihugu. Hari n’abandi bana be bashakaga gusubira muri politiki muri Uganda nyuma y’urupfu rwa se, ariko ntibigeze bagira uruhare rufatika.

Uko yakuwe ku butegetsi

Mu 1978, Amin yateje intambara n’igihugu cya Tanzaniya ubwo yinjiraga mu Karere ka Kagera. Perezida wa Tanzaniya Julius Nyerere yahise afatanya n’abarwanyi b’impunzi za Uganda bari mu buhungiro maze batera Uganda, bayigarurira i Kampala ku wa 11 Mata 1979.

Idi Amin yahise ahunga anyura muri Libiya, nyuma ajya muri Arabiya Sawudite aho yahawe ubuhungiro n’umuryango wa cyami. Yitabye Imana tariki ya 16 Kanama 2003 i Jeddah, nyuma y’imyaka irenga 20 ari mu buzima bwa bucece.

Urwibutso n’inkomoko y’impaka

Idi Amin aracyibukwa nk’umwe mu bategetsi b’Abanyafurika baciye ibintu mu buryo buteye ubwoba. Bamwe baracyagereranya ubutegetsi bwe n’ubutasi bw’igihe cya Hitler, abandi bakavuga ko ari urugero rw’umuyobozi wigiriye icyizere akagera ku rwego rwo kwihangira amategeko.

Filime zitandukanye nka “The Last King of Scotland” (2006) zamugaragaje nk’umuntu w’ubugome bwinshi ariko ukunda kwikinira, ibintu bigaragaza ugushidikanya kw’abahanga ku mutwe n’imitekerereze ye.

Idi Amin Dada asigaye mu mateka nk’umunyagitugu wagejeje igihugu ku icuraburindi, ariko kandi akaba intangiriro y’impaka ndende zerekeye uko Afurika yakiriye ubwigenge, uko abayobozi bayoboye, n’icyo amateka akwiye kwigisha abakiri bato.

Inkuru ikurikira izibanda ku ngaruka z’ubutegetsi bwe ku baturanyi, uko abanyarwanda n’abarundi babanye na Uganda ye, ndetse n’uruhare rwe mu ntambara zo muri Afurika yo hagati.